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A high-risk pregnancy refers to a pregnancy in which the mother or baby is at an increased risk of experiencing complications compared to a typical pregnancy. These health risks can occur at any point before, during, or following childbirth.

A high-risk pregnancy may exhibit certain signs and symptoms that require prompt attention and medical care. Some of them are listed below:

• Severe abdominal pain and chest pain

• Extreme fatigue

• Nausea and vomiting

• Severe headache

• Vaginal bleeding and discharge

• Sudden swelling of the face, hands, legs, or ankles

• Decreased fetal movement

• Painful or burning urination

Several factors can contribute to a high-risk pregnancy. Some of the common causes include:

1. Advanced maternal age 
Teenage pregnancies have a higher risk of complications due to the mother's physical immaturity, while advanced maternal age is associated with an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities and pregnancy-related conditions such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.

2. Pre-existing health conditions:
Certain medical conditions present before pregnancy can increase the risk. These include diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, asthma, thyroid, PCOS, kidney disease, heart disease, autoimmune disorders, epilepsy, and HIV/AIDS. These conditions require careful management during pregnancy to reduce potential risks.

3. Pregnancy-related health conditions:
Certain conditions that develop during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placental abnormalities, preterm labour, and breech position can increase the risk for both the mother and the baby.

4. Multiple pregnancies:
Carrying more than one fetus (twins or triplets) increases the risk of complications such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and fetal growth problems.

4. History of previous pregnancy complications:
Women who have experienced complications in previous pregnancies, such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, miscarriage, or stillbirth, are at a higher risk of complications.

5. Genetic Factors:
Some genetic conditions or chromosomal abnormalities in either the mother or the baby can contribute to a high-risk pregnancy.

6. Infections:
Certain infections during pregnancy can pose a risk to both the mother and the baby. This includes sexually transmitted infections (such as syphilis, gonorrhea, or HIV), urinary tract infections, and others.

7. Lifestyle factors:
Certain lifestyle choices such as smoking, alcohol or drug abuse, poor nutrition, and lack of exercise can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy.

8. Inadequate prenatal care:
Inadequate prenatal care can lead to undiagnosed or unmanaged conditions, increasing the risk of complications.

Diagnosis and monitoring of high-risk pregnancies play a crucial role in ensuring the well-being of both the mother and the baby. Some common prenatal tests and screenings for expecting mothers are:

1. Medical history and physical examination:
A detailed medical history is obtained from the mother to identify any pre- existing medical conditions, previous pregnancy complications and genetic disorders. Thorough physical examinations are conducted to assess the overall health of the mother and identify any signs or symptoms of existing or potential complications.

2. Blood and urine tests:
Routine blood and urine tests are commonly performed during prenatal care to screen for various conditions and risk factors. This includes blood type, anemia, blood sugar levels, sexually transmitted infections, rubella, and thyroid hormone levels.

3. Ultrasound scans:
Ultrasound examinations are commonly used to screen for structural abnormalities in the fetus and assess fetal growth and development. It is also used to determine the position of the placenta, check amniotic fluid levels, and evaluate blood flow in the umbilical cord. Also, your gynecologist may recommend you to undergo an ultrasound to check the cervix length. This scan helps to determine the possibility of preterm delivery.

4. Amniocentesis and Chorionic villus sampling (CVS):
It is typically offered to women with an increased risk of fetal abnormalities based on factors such as advanced maternal age, abnormal prenatal screening results, or a family history of genetic disorders.
Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is collected from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) involves collecting a small sample of cells from the placenta. Both tests can help identify chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders in the fetus.

5. Biophysical Profile: (CVS):
The physician may perform a non-stress test to evaluate your baby's heart rate.This helps in determining whether the fetus is receiving adequate oxygen or not.

The management of a high-risk pregnancy requires specialized care and interventions to minimize complications and ensure the best possible outcome for both the mother and the baby.

• Management of Pre-existing Medical Conditions:
If the expecting mother has pre-existing medical conditions, such as diabetes or hypertension, close management of these conditions is essential during pregnancy. Medications and specialized care may be provided to manage existing conditions or reduce the risk of complications.

• Specialized Monitoring: (CVS):
High risk pregnancies require additional monitoring and testing. More frequent ultrasounds allow thorough assessment and diagnosis of the fetus.

• Antenatal Education and Counselling:
Education and counselling sessions play a vital role in empowering the expecting mother to make informed decisions and actively participate in the management of high-risk pregnancies. These sessions provide information about the condition, potential risks, self-care measures, and signs to watch out for.

Preventing high-risk pregnancies involves taking proactive measures to maintain optimal health before conception and throughout pregnancy. Here are some key strategies:

1. Regular Prenatal Care:
Frequent prenatal visits are essential to closely monitor the progress of the pregnancy and detect any potential complications.

2. Healthy Lifestyle:
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial in the management of high-risk pregnancies. Women are advised to maintain a balanced diet, engage in appropriate physical activity, avoid smoking and alcohol, maintain healthy body weight, and take prenatal supplements.

3. Conceiving Between the Ages of 18 and 34:
Women who are either too young or older may encounter complications. It is advisable to plan pregnancies within this age range.

Here are some common risk factors for high-risk pregnancies:

• Pregnancy risks are higher for mothers above the age of 30.

• Medical conditions such as high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, epilepsy, thyroid disease, heart or blood disorders, and infections.

• Smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use can increase pregnancy risks.

• Pregnancy complications, including abnormal placenta position, fetal growth issues, multiple pregnancies, and a history of hypertension disorders (such as preeclampsia) or gestational diabetes, can also lead to pregnancy complications and potentially affect the health of your baby.

Miracles Apollo Cradle is recognized as one of the best hospitals for pregnancy & high-risk pregnancies in Gurgaon. We understand the importance of accessible and affordable pregnancy care without compromising on quality. Our hospital offers comprehensive maternity services that prioritize your well-being and the health of your little one, all at affordable rates that fit your budget.
Our expert team of obstetricians and gynecologists ensures the most accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment procedures for all our patients. If you are facing any pregnancy complications, immediately contact our team to schedule an appointment.