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PESA (Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration) is the simplest sperm retrieval procedure for infertility treatment. For PESA infertility treatment, the fertility specialist will insert a small needle through the skin into the epididymis. It is a tube that stores sperm after they are produced in the testicles. Then they will use a needle to draw out sperm from the epididymis.

TESA (Testicular sperm aspiration) is a sperm retrieval process. For the TESA procedure, the fertility specialist will make a small incision in the scrotum and insert a fine needle into the testicle. Then they will use a needle to aspirate sperm from the seminiferous tubules. The seminiferous tubules are the tubes in the testicles that produce sperm.

Site of Aspiration:

• PESA:A fine needle is inserted via the skin into the epididymis.

• TESA:A small incision is made in the scrotum to expose the testicles, and a fine needle is inserted directly into the seminiferous tubules.

Sperm Retrieval Rate:

• PESA:It may be less successful in retrieving sperm than TESA, especially in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia.

• TESA:It has a higher chance of successful sperm retrieval because of direct access to sperm-producing tubules.

Risks and Complications:

• PESA:It carries a lower risk of complications.

• TESA: It carries a slightly higher risk of complications due to the incision.

Recovery Time:

• PESA:This procedure involves a shorter recovery time due to its less invasive nature.

• TESA: It may require a slightly longer time for recovery due to the small incision.

Cost:

• PESA:This procedure is less expensive than TESA due to its simpler procedure.

• TESA: This is more expensive due to the additional equipment and surgical expertise required.

Suitability:

• PESA:It is well-suitable for males with obstructive azoospermia where the blockage is located in the epididymis.

• TESA: It is more suitable for males with non-obstructive azoospermia or when PESA fails to retrieve sperm.

• PESA and TESA are required for men who are diagnosed with azoospermia.

• These techniques offer a way to retrieve sperm directly from the epididymis or testicles. They bypass the blockage or other issues that prevent sperm from reaching the ejaculate.

• PESA or TESA can be used to retrieve sperm to use in IVF or ICSI.

• It can be helpful for men who have undergone vasectomy and want to have children.

• It can be used to retrieve sperm from men with certain genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis.

• It can be used by men who have undergone cancer treatment because some cancer treatments can damage sperm production. These techniques can be used to retrieve sperm from those men before they undergo treatment. This will allow them to have children later. Semen freezing is very useful in patients undergoing treatment for cancer.

• The PESA / TESA procedure is minimally invasive and generally takes 30 minutes to complete.

  Here's an overview of the PESA/TESA procedures:

  Preparation For PESA/TESA

• The patient will be asked to wear a hospital gown and lie on an examination table.

• The area around the scrotum will be shaved and an antiseptic solution will be used to clean it.

• The patient will receive local or general anesthesia to numb the area.

PESA:

• A thin needle is inserted via the skin into the head of the epididymis.

• The needle is connected to a syringe and used to aspirate fluid containing sperm.

• To collect enough sperm, this process may be repeated several times.

TESA:

• A small incision is made in the scrotum to reveal the testicle.

• A fine needle is inserted directly into the testicle. They are used to aspirate tissue containing sperm from the seminiferous tubules.

• The incision is then closed with stitches.

Sperm Processing:

• The retrieved fluid or tissue is sent to the laboratory for processing.

• In the laboratory, Sperm are separated from other cells and trash.

• Then the sperm are assessed for quality and motility.

• Once the sperm are evaluated, they can be used directly in an ART procedure, such as IVF or ICSI, or frozen for later use.

Here are some tips that you may follow in consulting with a fertility doctor:

Before Procedure:

• Your fertility specialist may advise you to stop taking certain medications such as blood thinners for several days before your procedure.

• You may be instructed to shave your scrotum area.

• Clean and wash your scrotum with a mild soap and water the night before the procedure.

• These procedures involve local or general anesthesia. So you may need to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure.

• Drink plenty of fluids to keep you hydrated before and after the procedure.

• Empty your bladder to feel more comfortable during the procedure.

• Bring someone along with you to drive you home after the procedure because the effects of the local anesthesia may take some time to wear off.

On the Day of the Procedure:

• Wear loose and comfortable clothes.

• Remove any genital piercings or jewelry.

• Avoid wearing makeup.

• Remove any contact lenses.

• Inform your doctor if you are not feeling well.

Whether you are the right candidate for PESA/TESA depends on various factors:

• Males with conditions such as azoospermia, obstructive azoospermia, or non-obstructive azoospermia.

• Men who are planning to use assisted reproductive technology (ART)

• Men who have undergone vasectomy but want to father children of their own genes.

• Men who have a malfunction in the testicles that results in the poor production of the sperm.

• Males who have irreversible obstacles in the genital tract.

• Men who have an absence of the vas deferens from birth.

• If men have a lower sperm count.

• Extreme OATS

The PESA/TESA offers several advantages including:

• High success rate

• Low cost

• Helps diagnose the cause of azoospermia

• Low risk of bleeding and infection

• You may leave for home on the same day of the procedure.

• You may experience some pain and swelling in your scrotum. Your fertility specialist may prescribe some over-the-counter medication to manage the pain.

• You need to avoid strenuous activities for a few days.

The cost of PESA/TESA procedures varies from one clinic to another. It is affected by various factors. The cost depends on the clinic's location, the fertility doctor's experience, the type of anesthesia, laboratory fees for sperm retrieval, the cost of the treatment, the additional cost of tesa/ pesa tests and medications, insurance coverage, etc.
We at Gurgaon's best fertility clinic, Miracles Fertility & IVF Clinic offer PESA/TESA at affordable cost.
If you are considering for PESA / TESA procedure, feel free to contact the best fertility clinic near you.

As with any medical procedure, there are few side effects associated with PESA/TESA. These may include:

• Pain and swelling in the scrotum

• Bruising

• Bleeding

• Infection

• Testicular atrophy

After the procedure of PESA / TESA, certain precautions you need to take to optimize recovery. Here are some general guidelines for post-procedure care that you may follow in consulting with your fertility doctor:

• Get adequate rest after the procedure to ensure quick recovery.

• If you experience pain, take prescribed over-the-counter pain relievers.

• Avoid sexual activities for a few days.

• Avoid strenuous activities such as weight lifting.

• Wear tightly fitting pants to support the scrotum.

• Eat healthy and stay hydrated.

• If you experience any unusual symptoms, immediately consult your fertility specialist.

Miracles Healthcare is the best hospital for PESA/TESA in Gurgaon. Over the years, we have had an extensive pool of satisfied parents who were once our patients. We offer a range of treatment options including PESA/TESA tailored to individual needs. Our team comprises highly qualified and experienced doctors in Gurgaon, who are dedicated to providing the best possible care. At our hospital, we have made significant investments in state-of-the-art technological equipment, ensuring that we stay at the forefront of advancements.
Miracles Healthcare offers comprehensive healthcare services through multiple facilities: Miracles Apollo Cradle, Miracles Apollo Cradle/Spectra, Miracles Fertility & IVF Clinic, and Miracles Mediclinic. Our facilities are located in Sec 14, Sec 56, and Sec 82, making daily healthcare more convenient for the people of Gurgaon.
If you are facing fertility or reproductive issues, schedule an appointment with our fertility doctors. Our expertise and support to help you on your journey to parenthood.